Working memory
The child holds information long enough to use it: a color sequence, two instruction steps or an intermediate math result. Simon-style sequences, memory games and word building create short practice situations.
Inhibitory control
In an odd-one-out task it is easy to tap the first noticeable object. A useful strategy is to pause, state the rule and only then choose. Adults can cue: ‘rule first, answer second.’
Flexibility and planning
Mazes, Sudoku and symmetry tasks require checking a plan and sometimes changing it. With older children, discuss not only whether a solution worked but whether the strategy was efficient.
Why screens are only one option
The Harvard Center on the Developing Child suggests many offline executive-function activities, including card games, movement games and strategy play. Digital tasks are convenient for brief repetition, but rich practice comes from multiple contexts.
